New therapies available for the treatment of type 2 diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1002/edn.46Keywords:
Type 2 diabetes, pramlintide, exenatide, glitazars, gliptins, GLP-1, amylinAbstract
AbstractIn type 2 diabetes multiple lesions have been identified; new drugs are being developed that target these lesions. This review considers the most recent pharmaceutical options to reduce hyperglycaemia. Two new classes of agents were introduced in the USA in 2005, both of which are administered by injection. The first agent, pramlintide, is a soluble analogue of the islet peptide amylin which is used as an adjunct to insulin therapy. Exenatide is an analogue of the incretin hormone GLP-1 and has similar actions to native GLP-1. Both agents reduce hyperglycaemia without causing weight gain and can aid weight loss. A cannabinoid receptor antagonist (rimonabant) which aids weight loss and improves glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes has recently received marketing approval as an antiobesity agent in Europe. The gliptins and glitazars are at advanced stages of development and fixed-dose combination ‘2.4.1’ tablets containing established agents are being introduced.
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