Excessive daytime sleepiness and associated factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57177/idn.v17.332Keywords:
type 2 diabetes mellitus, excessive daytime sleepiness, cross-sectional study, anxiety, depressionAbstract
Aim: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in Beijing, China, from November 2015 to October 2016, and patients with T2DM were invited to participate. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data. EDS was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate factors associated with EDS.
Results: Of the 224 patients with T2DM, 24 (10.7%) had EDS. The proportions of anxiety, depression, and comorbid anxiety and depression were significantly different between the EDS and non-EDS groups. ESS scores, anxiety scores, and depression scores were positively correlated. Logistic regression analysis showed that mild anxiety (OR 11.055; 95% CI 2.272–53.785; P = 0.003), moderate to severe anxiety (OR 33.223; 95% CI 4.896–225.440; P < 0.001), and mild depression (OR 6.227; 95% CI 1.319–29.399; P = 0.021) were associated with EDS in patients with T2DM. These associations remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, diabetes duration, and apnoea–hypopnoea index. In addition, the severity of obstructive sleep apnoea–hypopnoea syndrome was not significantly associated with EDS, anxiety, depression, and comorbid anxiety and depression in this study.
Conclusions: The prevalence of EDS was high in patients with T2DM, and anxiety and depression were significantly associated with EDS. When developing interventions to improve EDS in patients with T2DM, healthcare providers may need to consider interventions that target anxiety and depression.
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