Perceptions of body size among a multi-ethnic population in Kuwait

Authors

  • Elizabeth Catherine Maclean
  • Anwar Mohammad
  • Noureen Khatoon
  • Smitha Abraham
  • Manuel Carballo

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1080/20573316.2017.1394627

Keywords:

Obesity, Diabetes, BMI, Education, Health perceptions, Kuwait

Abstract

Objectives: This analysis aimed to determine how people living in Kuwait perceive their body size and to identify possible determinants of this.

Design: Data on perceived body size were gathered as part of a larger cross-sectional Knowledge, Attitudes, Behaviours and Practices (KABP) survey of 1124 participants.

Results: Over 60% of participants were either overweight or obese. The overall rate of body size misperception was also high, with 19% of participants underestimating their body size. Gender and diabetes status were found to be associated with body size perception.

Conclusions: Many overweight individuals may be underestimating their body size. As such, they may not appreciate the need for behavioural interventions designed to control weight and promote health. There is an evident need to strengthen health education and to address this issue within national policies and community engagement activities.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

World Health Organisation. Obesity and overweight fact sheet. 2016. WHO website. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/ (accessed Jul 2016).

Abdullah A, Peeters A, de Courten M, Stoelwinder J. The magnitude of association between overweight and obesity and the risk of diabetes: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Diabetes Res Clin Pr. 2010;89(Suppl. 3):309–19. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2010.04.012

Gatineau M, Hancock C, Holman N, Outhwaite H, Oldridge L, Christie A. Public Health England. Adult obesity and type 2 diabetes. London: Public Health England; 2014. PHE 2014211.

Ng M, Fleming T, Robinson M, Thomson B, Graetz N, Margono C. Global, regional and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2014;384(Suppl. 9945):766–81. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60460-8

International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Diabetes atlas 7th edition. Brussels: IDF; 2015. ISBN: 978-2-930229-81-2

Ziyab AH, Mohammad A, Maclean E, Behbehani K, Carballo M. Diabetes: a fast evolving epidemic. Kuwait J. 2015;47(Suppl. 4):291–301.

Swami V, Frederick DA, Aavik T, Alcalay L, Allik J, Anderson D. The attractive female body weight and female body dissatisfaction in 26 countries across 10 world regions: results of the International Body Project I. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2010;36(Suppl. 3):309–25. doi: 10.1177/0146167209359702

Holdsworth M, Gartner A, Landais E, Maire B, Delpeuch F. Perceptions of healthy and desirable body size in urban Senegalese women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2004;28(Suppl. 12):1561–8. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802739

Puoane T, Tsolekile L, Steyn N. Perceptions about body image and sizes among black African girls living in Cape Town. Ethn Dis. 2010;20(Suppl. 1):29–34.

Okop KJ, Mukumban GC, Mathole T, Levitt N, Puoane T. Perceptions of boy size, obesity threat and the willingness to lose weight among black South African adults: a qualitative study. BMC public health. 2016;16:365. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-3028-7

Ettarh R, Van de Vijver S, Oti S, Kyobutungi C. Overweight, Obesity and Perceptions of Body Image among Slum Residents in Nairobi, Kenya 2008-2009. Prev Chronic Dis. 2013;10:E212. doi: 10.5888/pcd10.130198

Gremillion H. The cultural politics of body size. Ann Rev Anthropol. 2005;34:13–32. doi: 10.1146/annurev.anthro.33.070203.143814

Khawaja M, Afifi-Soweid RA. Images of body weight among young men and women: evidence from Beirut, Lebanon. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2004;58(Suppl. 4):352–53. doi: 10.1136/jech.2003.010785

Musaiger AO, Shahbeek NE, Al-Mannai M. The role of social factors and weight status in ideal body-shape preferences as perceived by Arab women. J Biosoc Sci. 2004;36(Suppl. 6):699–707. doi: 10.1017/S0021932003006412

Atika K, Westergren A, Berggren V, Ekblom O, Al-Hazzaa HM. Perceived and ideal body image in young women in South Western Saudi Arabia. J Obesity 2015;5:1–7.

Gardner RM. Weight status and the perception of body image in men. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2014;7:175–84. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S49053

Brooks KR, Mond JM, Stevenson RJ, Stephen ID. Body image distortion and exposure to extreme body types: contingent adaption and cross adaption for self and others. Front Neurosci. 2016;10:334. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00334

Gregory CO, Blanck HM, Gillespie C, Maynard LM, Serdula MK. Perceived health risk of excess body weight among overweight and obese men and women: differences by sex. Prev Med. 2008;47(Suppl. 1):46–52. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.01.008

O’haver J, Melnyk BM, Mays MZ, Kelly S, Jacobson D. The relationship of perceived and actual weight in minority adolescents. J Pediatr Nurs. 2009;24(Suppl. 6):474–80. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2008.06.011

Neumark-Sztainer D, Paxton SJ, Hannan PJ, Haines J, Story M. Does Body satisfaction matter? Five-year longitudinal associations between body satisfaction and health behaviors in adolescent females and males. J Adolesc Health. 2006;39(Suppl. 2):244–51. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.12.001

ICMHD. Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices on HIV/AIDS among peacekeepers: the case of UNAMSIL: report of a survey. Geneva: ICMHD; 2004.

World Health Organisation. Global Database on Body Mass Index. BMI Classification. 2016. http://apps.who.int/bmi/index.jsp?introPage=intro_3.html (Accessed Oct 2016).

Loret de Mola C, Pillay TD, Diez-Canseco F, Gilman RH, Smeeth L, Miranda JJ. Body mass index and self-perception of overweight and obesity in rural, urban and rural-to-urban migrants: PERU MIGRANT study. PLoS One. 2012;7(Suppl. 11):e50252. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050252

Harvard TH. Chan School of Public Health. Adult obesity: a global look at rising obesity rates. Available from https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/obesity-prevention-source/obesity-trends/obesity-rates-worldwide/ (accessed Oct 2016).

Elkum N, Al-Aroui M, Sharifi M, Shaltout A, Bennakhi A. Prevalence of childhood obesity in the state of Kuwait. Pediatr Obes. 2016;11(Suppl. 6):30–4. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.12090

Bhurosy T, Jeewon R. Overweight and obesity epidemic in developing countries: a problem with diet, physical activity, or socioeconomic status?. Sci World J. 2014;e964236.

Carballo M, Mohammad A, Maclean EC, Khatoon N, Waheedi M, Abraham S. Knowledge, attitudes, behaviours and practices towards diabetes in Kuwait. WHO Eastern Mediterranean Health J. 2017.

Gregory CO, Blanck HM, Gillespie C, Maynard LM, Serdula MK. Health perceptions and demographic characteristics associated with underassessment of body weight. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008;16(Suppl. 5):979–86. doi: 10.1038/oby.2008.22

Wardle J, Haase AM, Steptoe A. Body image and weight control in young adults: international comparisons in university students from 22 countries. Int J Obes. 2005;30:644–65. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803050

Ettarh R, Van de Vijver S, Oti S, Kyobutungi C. Overweight, obesity, and perception of body image among slum residents in Nairobi, Kenya, 2008–2009. Preventing Chronic Disease. 2013;10:E212. doi: 10.5888/pcd10.130198

Swami V, Frederick DA, AavikT, Alcalay L, Allik J, Anderson D, et al. The attractive female body weight and female body dissatisfaction in 26 countries across 10 world regions: results of the international body project I. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2010;36(Suppl. 3):309–25. doi: 10.1177/0146167209359702

Madrigal H. Underestimation of body mass index through perceived body image as compared to self-reported body mass index in the European Union. Public Health. 2000;114(Suppl. 6):468–73. doi: 10.1016/S0033-3506(00)00390-5

Wardle J, Johnson F. Weight and dieting: examining levels of weight concern in British adults. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2002;26:1144–1149. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802046

Mueller KG, Hurt RT, Abu-Lebdeh HS, Mueller PS. Self-perceived vs actual and desired weight and body mass index in adult ambulatory general internal medicine patients: a cross sectional study. BMC Obesity. 2014;1:26. doi: 10.1186/s40608-014-0026-0

Carballo M, Al Wotayan R, Maclean EC. Primary health care staff knowledge and practices towards gestational diabetes mellitus in Kuwait. J Fam Med. 2016;3(8):1083.

Carballo M, Khatoon N, Maclean EC, Al-Hamad N, Mohammad A, Al-Wotayan R, Abraham S. Infant and young child feeding patterns in Kuwait: results of a cross-sectional survey. Public Health Nutr. 2017;20(Suppl. 12):2201–7. doi: 10.1017/S1368980017001094

Stommel M, Schoenborn CA. Accuracy and usefulness of BMI measures based on self-reported weight and height: findings from the NHANES and NHIS 2001-2006. BMC Public Health. 2009;9:421.

Downloads

Published

2017-09-02

How to Cite

Maclean, E. C., Mohammad, A., Khatoon, N., Abraham, S., & Carballo, M. (2017). Perceptions of body size among a multi-ethnic population in Kuwait. International Diabetes Nursing, 14(2), 66–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/20573316.2017.1394627

Issue

Section

Original Articles