Early origins of diabetes: an update from the EarlyBird study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1002/edn.251Keywords:
Type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, children, adolescents, diabetes risk, mood, epigenetics, beta cell functionAbstract
AbstractThe EarlyBird diabetes study has followed over 300 healthy children and their parents for 12 years. The aim has been to understand which children would be most at risk of adult onset diabetes. Repeated measures in the same individuals reveal trends which may be associated with diabetes risk, and will help determine the direction of causality. This report draws on 12 years of EarlyBird data, giving an insight into diabetes risk in three areas: •
Trends in both insulin supply (secretion) and demand (tissue resistance) over the period of pubertal development affect diabetes risk. This paper compares insulin resistance and beta cell function in children who develop impaired fasting glucose with those whose glucose levels remain within the normal range.
•Epigenetics is a new area of research. While genetic make-up cannot change, the way genes are expressed (turned on or off) can vary in relation to environmental stressors. This paper reviews preliminary analyses of epigenetic variation in a gene associated with diabetes risk, and how this variation affects adiposity during childhood.
•The association between low mood (tendency towards depression) and diabetes risk in teenagers is explored.
Downloads
References
Ehtisham S, Barrett TG. The emergence of type 2 diabetes in childhood. Ann Clin Biochem 2004;41:10–16.
Voss LD, Kirkby J, Metcalf BS, et at. Preventable factors in childhood that lead to insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome: the EarlyBird dia-betes study 1. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2003; 16:1211–1224.
Cnop M, Vidal J, Hull RL, et al. Progressive loss of beta-cell function leads to worsening glucose tolerance in first-degree relatives of subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2007;30:677–682.
Bergsten P. Pathophysiology of impaired pulsatile insulin release. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2000;16:179–191.
Polonsky KS, Given BD, Hirsch Lj, et al. Abnormal patterns of insulin secretion in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1988;318:1231–1239.
American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2011;34 (Suppl 1):S62–69.
Nichols GA, Hillier TA, Brown JIB. Normal fasting plasma glucose and risk of type 2 diabetes diagnosis. Am J Med 2008; 121:519–524.
Tirosh A, Shai I, Tekes-Manova D, et al. Normal fasting plasma glucose levels and type 2 diabetes in young men. N Engl J Med 2005;353:1454–1462.
Tfayli H, Lee S, Arslanian S. Declining beta-cell function relative to insulin sensi-tivity with increasing fasting glucose levels in the nondiabetic range in children. Diabetes Care 2010;33:2024–2030.
Hosking J, Metcalf BS, Jeffery AN, et aL Evidence of early beta-cell deficiency among children who show impaired fasting glu-cose: 10-yr cohort study (EarlyBird 56). Pediatr Diabetes 2013;14:481–489.
Kaati G, Bygren LO, Edvinsson S. Cardiovascular and diabetes mortality determined by nutrition during parents' and grandparents' slow growth period. Eur J Hum Genet 2002;10:682–688.
Stein AD, Lumey LH. The relationship between maternal and offspring birth weights after maternal prenatal famine exposure: the Dutch famine birth cohort study. Hum Biol 2000;72:641–654.
Vucic EA, Brown CJ, Lam WL. Epigenetics of cancer progression. Pharmacogenomics 2008; 9:215–234.
Richardson BC, Patel DR. Epigenetics in 2013. DNA methylation and miRNA-key roles in systemic autoimmunity. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2014;10:72–74.
Burdge GC, Lillycrop KA, Jackson AA. Nutrition in early life, and risk of cancer and metabolic disease: alternative endings in an epigenetic tale? Br J Nutr 2009; 101:619–630.
Clarke-Harris R, Wilkin TJ, Hosking J, et al. Peroxisomal proliferator activated recep-tor-gamma-co-activator-lalpha promoter methylation in blood at 5–7 years predicts adiposity from 9 to 14 years (EarlyBird 50). Diabetes 2014 [epub ahead of print].
Anderson RJ, Freedland KE, Clouse RE, Lustman PJ. The prevalence of comorbid depression in adults with diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 2001;24:1069–1078.
Collins MM, Corcoran P, Perry IJ. Anxiety and depression symptoms in patients with diabetes. Diabet Med 2009;26:153–161.
Everson-Rose SA, Meyer PM, Powell LH, et al. Depressive symptoms, insulin resistance, and risk of diabetes in women at midlife. Diabetes Care 2004; 27:2856–2862.
Golden SH, Williams JE, Ford DE, et at. Depressive symptoms and the risk of type 2 diabetes: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Diabetes Care 2004;27:429–435.
Knol MJ, Twisk JVV, Beekman AT, et at. Depression as a risk factor for the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A meta-analysis. Diabetologia 2006;49:837–845.
Golden SH. A review of the evidence for a neuroendocrine link between stress, depression and diabetes mellitus. Curr Diabetes Rev 2007;3:252–259.
Clark LA, Watson D. Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications. J Abnorm Psycho/ 1991;100:316–336.
Garber J, Weersing VR. Comorbidity of Anxiety and Depression in Youth: Implications for Treatment and Pre-vention. Clin Psychol 2010;17:293–306.
Phillips BM, Lonigan CJ, Driscoll K, et al. Positive and negative affectivity in children: a multitrait-multimethod investigation. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 2002;31:465–479.
Caspi A, Roberts BW, Shiner RL. Personality development: stability and change. Annu Rev Psychol 2005;56:453–84.
Golden SH, Lazo M, Carnethon M, et at. Examining a bidirectional association between depressive symptoms and dia-betes. JAMA 2008;29:2751–2759.
Holt RI, Phillips DI, Jameson KA, et al. The relationship between depression and dia-betes mellitus: findings from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study. Diabet Med 2009;26:641–648.
Erickson SJ, Robinson TN, Haydel KF, et at. Are overweight children unhappy? Body mass index, depressive symptoms, and overweight concerns in elementary school children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2000;154:931–935.
Goodman E, Whitaker RC. A prospective study of the role of depression in the devel-opment and persistence of adolescent obesity. Pediatrics 2002; 110:497–504.
Jaser SS, loll MG, Jefferson V, et al. Correlates of depressive symptoms in urban youth at risk for type 2 diabetes mel-litus. JSch Health 2009;79:286–292.
Louise S, Warrington NM, McCaskie PA, et al. Associations between anxious-depressed symptoms and cardiovascular risk factors in a longitudinal childhood study. Prey Med 2012;54:345–350.
Shomaker LB, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Young-Hyman D, et al. Psychological symptoms and insulin sensitivity in adolescents. Pediatr Diabetes 2010; 11:417–423.
Jeffery AN, Hyland ME, Hosking J, et al. Mood and its association with metabolic health in adolescents: a longitudinal study, EarlyBird 65. Pediatr Diabetes 2014 [epub ahead of print].
Crawford JR, Henry JD. The positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS): construct validity, measurement properties and normative data in a large non-clinical sample. Br J Clin Psychol 2004;43:245–265.
Watson D, Clark LA, Tellegen A. Development and validation of brief meas-ures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. J Pers Soc Psychol 1988; 54:1063–1070.
Laurent J, Catanzaro SJ, Rudoph KD, et al. A Measure of Positive and Negative Affect for Children: Scale Development and Pre-liminary Validation. Psychol Assess 1999; 11:326–338.
Metcalf BS, Voss LD, Hosking J, et al. Physical activity at the government-recom-mended level and obesity-related health outcomes: a longitudinal study (Early Bird 37). Arch Dis Child 2008;93:772–777.
Fernandez-Guasti A, Fiedler JL, Herrera L, et al. Sex, stress, and mood disorders: at the intersection of adrenal and gonadal hor-mones. Horm Metab Res 2012; 44:607–618.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2014 Copyright © 2014 FEND.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
