Experiences with a group intervention for adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their parents
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1002/edn.96Keywords:
Diabetes, adolescents, parents, group interventionAbstract
AbstractBackground: Increased adolescent-parent engagement in diabetes-related tasks appears to decrease diabetes-related family conflict. Group intervention may be a good approach when caring for adolescents with chronic conditions, including diabetes.
Aim: This article aims to describe how group intervention may be useful in the treatment of adolescents with type 1 diabetes. When these children enter puberty and become adolescents, it can become difficult. In many cases, family-related conflict has a negative impact on an adolescent’s blood sugar levels and self-care behaviour.
Method: 19 adolescents (age 13–17 years) and their parents participated in group intervention. Families were recruited from outpatient clinics in two centres in Middle-Norway. Separate groups met once a month for 1 year. All adolescents and parents completed a battery of self-report measures. In addition, HbA1c values were obtained five times from the adolescents’ medical records.
Results: In terms of metabolic control there was a significant decrease in HbA1c values in the girls studied. In adolescents of both sexes, the process of deterioration was stopped.
Conclusion: The development of efficient interventions for this group of patients is highly needed. Our intervention was peer-oriented and psycho-educative. Although the sample size in this study was small, one may still consider that group intervention may improve parent-adolescent relationships. Results from the study also demonstrate that group intervention may improve metabolic control in girls, without deterioration in health-related quality-of-life.
Downloads
References
Cryer PE. Hypoglycaemia: the limiting factor in the glycaemic management of type I and type II diabetes. Diabetologia 2002; 45: 637–648.
Cox DJ, Irvine A, Gonder-Frederick L, et al. Fear of hypoglycemia: Quantification, validation, and uti-lization. Diabetes Care 1987; 10: 617–621.
De Backer G, Ambrosioni E, Borch-Johnsen K, et al. European guide-lines on cardiovascular disease pre-vention in clinical practice. Atherosclerosis 2003; 170: 145–155.
Peyrot M, Rubin RR, Lauritzen T, et al. on behalf of the International DAWN Advisory Panel. Resistance to insulin therapy among patients and providers. Results of the cross-sectional Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes, and Needs (DAWN) study. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 2673-2979.
Davis RE, Morrissey M, Peters JR, et al. Impact of hypoglycaemia on quality of life and productivity in type 1 and 2 diabetes. Curr Med Res Opin 2005; 21: 1477-1483.
Currie CJ, Morgan CLI, Poole CD, et al. Multivariate models of healthrelated utility and the fear of hypoglycaemia in people with diabetes. Curr Med Res Opin 2006; 22: 1523-1534.
Pramming S, Thorsteinsson B, Bendtson I, et al. Symptomatic hypoglycaemia in 411 type 1 diabetic patients. Diabet Med 1991; 8: 217–222.
Irvine AA, Cox D, Gonder-Frederick L. Fear of hypoglycemia: Relationship to physical and psychological symptoms in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Health Psychology 1992; 11: 135–138.
Polonsky WH, Davis CL, Jacobson AM, et al. Correlates of hypo-glycemic fear in type I and type II diabetes mellitus. Health Psychology 1992; 11: 199–202.
Gifvels C, Lithner F, Börjeson B. Living with diabetes: relationship to gender, duration and complications. A survey in northern Sweden. Diabet Med 1993; 10: 768-773.
Hepburn DA, Deary IJ, MacLeod KM, et al. Structural equation modeling of symptoms, awareness and fear of hypoglycemia, and personality in patients with insulin-treated diabetes. Diabetes Care 1994; 17: 1273-1280.
Taylor EP, Crawford JR, Gold AE, Design and development of a scale measuring fear of complications in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2005; 21: 264-270.
Gonder-Frederick LA, Fisher CD, Ritterband LM , et al. Predictors of fear of hypoglycemia in adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their parents. Pediatric Diabetes 2006; 7: 215-222.
Strachan MWJ. Fear of diabetes complications. Diabet Metab Res Rev 2005; 21: 262–263.
Pedersen-Bjergaard U, Agerholm-Larsen B, Pramming S, et al. Activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme and risk of severe hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Lancet 2001; 357: 1248-1253.
Akram K, Pedersen-Bjergaard U, Borch-Johnsen K, et al. Recall of severe hypoglycaemic episodes and course of hypoglycaemia awareness in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes in one year follow-up. Diabetologia 2003; 46(Suppl 2): A304.
Pedersen-Bjergaard U, Pramming S, Heller SR , et al. Severe hypogly-caemia in 1076 adult patients with type 1 diabetes: influence of risk factors and selection. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2004; 20: 479–486.
Pedersen-Bjergaard U, Pramming S, Thorsteinsson B . Recall of severe hypoglycaemia and consistency of self-estimated state of awareness in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2003; 19: 232–240.
Diabetes Control and Compli-cations Trial Research Group. the effect of intensive treatment of dia-betes on the development and pro-gression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 977.
Snoek FJ, Pouwer F, Welch GW, et al. Diabetes-related emotional distress in Dutch and U.S. diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2000; 23: 1305–1309.
Pedersen-Bjergaard U, Agerholm-Larsen B, Pramming S, et al. Prediction of severe hypoglycaemia by angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and genotype in type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2003; 46: 89–96.
Marrero DG, Guare JC, Vandagriff JL, et al. Fear of hypoglycemia in the Parents of children and adolescents with diabetes: Maladaptive or healthy response? The Diabetes Educator 1997; 23: 281–286.
Akram K, Pedersen-Bjergaard, Carstensen B, et al Frequency and risk factors of severe hypoglycaemia in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional survey. Diabet Med 2006,23: 750–756.
Larsen T, Banck-Petersen P, Due-Andersen R, et al. Effect of carbohy-drate treatment on mild sympto-matic hypoglycaemia, assessed by continuous glucose monitoring. Eur Diabetes Nursing 2006; 3: 143–146.
Banck-Peterse n P, Larsen T, Pedersen-Bjergaard U, et al. Adherence to guidelines for self-treatment of mild hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes. Eur Diabetes Nursing 2007, 4: 18–22.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2008 Copyright © 2008 FEND
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
